Goosebumps, or piloerection, happen when tiny muscles at the base of hair follicles contract—usually in response to cold, strong emotions, music, or arousal. It’s a leftover survival reflex tied to adrenaline.
Most of the time, goosebumps are harmless. But if they occur frequently, randomly, or without a clear cause, they might signal something more serious.
**Possible Medical Causes:**
* **Nervous system disorders** (like MS or epilepsy)
* **Piloerection seizures** (a rare type of seizure with goosebumps as the main symptom)
* **Hormonal imbalances** (such as pheochromocytoma, a tumor that spikes adrenaline)
* **Chronic stress/anxiety** (which can overstimulate the nervous system)
* **Skin conditions** (like keratosis pilaris, often mistaken for permanent goosebumps)
**When to See a Doctor:**
* Goosebumps without cold or emotion
* Localized or recurring bumps
* Accompanied by dizziness, blackouts, or numbness
* Irregular heart rate or other unusual symptoms
**Bottom Line:**
Goosebumps are usually normal—but if they come with other symptoms or feel off, it’s worth checking in with a doctor.